疫情對教育機構的影響以及在線教育的發展（譯文）
原文地址： https://fivejars.com/blog/drupal-good-cms-education-organizations
教育本來是一個歷史久遠的行業ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，大家都喜歡傳統的在教室上課♦☜☞☝✍☚☛☟✌✽✾✿❁❃，隨著互聯網的崛起㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉，越來越多的在線教育興起❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，帶來了更多在線虛擬的授課方式①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯。
教育的數字化一直比較慢☈⊙☉℃℉❅，直到新冠疫情的出現❻❼❽❾❿⓫⓬⓭⓮⓯⓰，一切發生了改變웃유ღ♋♂。
This digital transformation had been slow, its merits and legitimacy much debated…until the onset of a global pandemic. The focus of this post is on evaluating if Drupal is a good Content Management System (CMS) choice under the new education normal.
教育的新常態 Education under the new normal
根據UNESCO統計ⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ，大約有1.3億或者82%的在校學生不得不暫停校內學習ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，原因就是2020年4月爆發的的新冠疫情❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣。隨著疫情的延續㈧㈨㈩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂，在線授課已經不是什么罕見的事情了ⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ，已經變成了學生唯一的上課渠道了✺ϟ☇♤♧♡♢♠♣♥。
According to UNESCO, approximately 1.3 billion or 82% of the world's enrolled students were out of school due to school closures at the peak of COVID-19 around April of 2020. With the world grappling with COVID-19, on-line classes were no longer merely a social experiment; in some places, they became the only game in town.
新冠疫情也讓給教育行業帶來了更多的新亮點：
1. 全球化 Global Adoption
During the 3rd World Higher Education Conference in May of 2022, Professor Asha Kanwar remarked that "one silver lining during the pandemic has been the global acceptance of distance and on-line learning.” Moreover, UNICEF recommended that countries must rely on multiple learning channels to reach more children in the event of school closures due to a pandemic, wars and environmental emergencies, and that expanded access to digital solutions is a key long-term priority to reduce learning vulnerabilities.
在2022年第三世界高等教育論壇上㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦，Asha教授說到❣❦❧♡۵，由于疫情的原因⒥⒦⒧⒨⒩⒪⒫⒬⒭⒮⒯⒰⒱⒲⒳⒴⒵❆❇❈❉❊†☨✞✝☥☦☓☩☯，人們習慣在線學習成為了一個新亮點⒜⒝⒞⒟⒠⒡⒢⒣⒤。并且㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦，聯合國兒童基金會強調農村必須要發展多渠道教學☧☬☸✡♁✙♆。，、＇：∶；，才能保障孩子們在各種情況下⒜⒝⒞⒟⒠⒡⒢⒣⒤，包括疫情웃유ღ♋♂、戰爭웃유ღ♋♂、環境危機等等☧☬☸✡♁✙♆。，、＇：∶；，接觸數字化教學才能避免各種各樣的學習問題☈⊙☉℃℉❅。
2. 包容性 Inclusivity
School closures exacerbated the issues faced by disadvantaged learners. An inclusive education system provides extra support services needed by disadvantaged learners facing educational inequalities due to factors relating to gender, disability, learning difficulties, or other sources of socioeconomic disadvantages. COVID-induced school closures entailed that learners with special needs had to be educated at home without the support services normally offered in schools. This resulted in severe disadvantages to the special-need learners and their families during COVID.
學校的封閉性導致貧困學生的學習受阻☈⊙☉℃℉❅，一個包容的教育體系應該是能讓各種困難學生收到教育㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉，不論性別♀☿☼☀☁☂☄、殘疾⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓、學習障礙ⅲⅳⅴⅵⅶⅷⅸⅹⒶⒷⒸⒹ、以及其他困難的學生♀☿☼☀☁☂☄，而新冠疫情導致大家必須在家學習☾☽❄☃，就沒有辦法向學校那樣有一些對特殊學生的照顧㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉，因此這些學生就變得更加困難了♦☜☞☝✍☚☛☟✌✽✾✿❁❃。
3. 學習動機 Learning motivation
Home-based learning during COVID accentuated the paramount importance of students' motivation, engagement, and interest in their own education.
Pedagogy tells us that students are best motivated by authentic learning situations, where they can transfer the knowledge and skills learned to their everyday situations. Without that, they view their education as being boring and outdated. The OECD called for significant changes in the classroom including 'what students learn about the world and other cultures, the opportunities they have to practice what they learn, and how teachers support this learning…'
在家學習將學生的主動型❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，投入度❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，以及自學的興趣變得非常重要㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉。
Pedagogy 告訴我們㈧㈨㈩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂，學生們被聯合國教科文組織的authentic learning situations觸動ⓚⓛⓜⓝⓞⓟⓠⓡⓢ，在那里❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，他們可以互相交流知識以及他們學習狀態⒜⒝⒞⒟⒠⒡⒢⒣⒤。不然♀☿☼☀☁☂☄，他們就會感到學習很厭煩⑰⑱⑲⑳⓪⓿❶❷❸❹❺，或者不想繼續ⓊⓋⓌⓍⓎⓏⓐⓑⓒⓓⓔⓕⓖⓗⓘⓙ。OECD稱與在教室學習最大的不同就是ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，學生學習的知識文化✺ϟ☇♤♧♡♢♠♣♥，他們應該有機會實踐ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，以及老師如何支持這種實踐⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓。
4. 個性化的輔助手段 Personalized scaffolding
While self-directed learning is generally credited for increasing students' motivation on learning, it undeniably puts additional cognitive demands on them beyond those required to learn the subject matter at hand. To mitigate the risk of overloading self-directed students, educational research has been done on 'scaffolding' which involves providing assistance to students on an as-needed basis, fading the assistance as their competence grows. Personalized scaffolding is an active research area on automatically generating scaffolds, including learning goals, that are personalized for individual learners.
自主學習需要學生的主動性ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，因此不可避免的給學生有一些額外的要求ⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ，為了降低自主學習的風險☧☬☸✡♁✙♆。，、＇：∶；，教育機構開發了一個叫“學習腳手架”的工具來幫助自主學習學生的自我學習⒥⒦⒧⒨⒩⒪⒫⒬⒭⒮⒯⒰⒱⒲⒳⒴⒵❆❇❈❉❊†☨✞✝☥☦☓☩☯，減少一些競爭壓力❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣。“個性化腳手架”是一個活躍的研究領域⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓，主要是給學生提供輔助學習規劃ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ，包括學習目標⒔⒕⒖⒗⒘⒙⒚⒛ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫⅰⅱ，個性化定制等✺ϟ☇♤♧♡♢♠♣♥。
5. 戶外授課 Outdoor learning
During COVID, schools that remained open mitigated the risk of virus transmission by reducing class sizes and spacing out student desks. Reports indicated that some schools, including those in higher education, adapted by offering classes in outdoor settings. Besides lowering the health risk, outdoor classes offer interesting possibilities in institutional space management. Yet, it opens up new challenges in that outdoor classes will hasten the support of new technologies. It remains to be seen whether outdoor classes will become permanent fixtures in the education landscape.
新冠期間㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉，仍然開放的學校通過減少班級人數♀☿☼☀☁☂☄、增加課桌的距離等方式來降低傳染的風險♦☜☞☝✍☚☛☟✌✽✾✿❁❃，報告顯示一些學校㈧㈨㈩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂，包括大學①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯，已經開始提供戶外上課了①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯。除了能降低風險☈⊙☉℃℉❅，戶外上課還能帶來更多新鮮點⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓。的確☾☽❄☃，戶外教學也加速的新的技術出現웃유ღ♋♂，不過是否能夠繼續還要看戶外授課是否會演變成一項常規的教學方式⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓。
6. 老師培訓 Teacher training
Dr. Tony Mays, renowned education specialist, remarked, "Transitioning from an emergency mode of remote teaching to a more sustainable longer-term engagement with on-line, distance, and flexible learning, requires that we provide continuing practical professional development opportunities for teachers, rather than overwhelm the already overworked teachers with too many new theoretical constructs.”
Tony博士⒥⒦⒧⒨⒩⒪⒫⒬⒭⒮⒯⒰⒱⒲⒳⒴⒵❆❇❈❉❊†☨✞✝☥☦☓☩☯，一位知名教育專家說到❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，如果要從臨時遠程教學轉變到長期遠程在線教學⓱⓲⓳⓴⓵⓶⓷⓸⓹⓺⓻⓼⓽⓾，我們需要給老師們提供更多專業培訓✵✶✷✸✹✺✻✼❄❅，而不是給已經超負荷工作的老師更多新的理論建議♀☿☼☀☁☂☄。
7. 父母和姐妹的角色轉變 Expanded role of parents and siblings
COVID school closures mean that students learned at home without the usual learning support provided by schools. In many cases, the role of parents and siblings expanded under home-based remote education to include varied levels of active tutoring and supervision.
新冠疫情導致學生們不得不在家上課✤✥❋✦✧✩✰✪✫✬✭✮✯❂✡★✱✲✳✴，所以♀☿☼☀☁☂☄，這種情況下ⓚⓛⓜⓝⓞⓟⓠⓡⓢ，父母和兄弟姐妹在家的職責就變成了老師和輔導員的角色⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓。
8. 數據隱私 Data privacy
The move to a decentralized learning environment during school closures resulted necessarily in more data, private and personal, residing in out-of-school locations. France’s Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer raised the need for appropriate regulation of on-line educational institutions to 'ensure adherence to rules on the collection, management and use of data, especially the personal data of children and youth'.
隨著校外學習的增多❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣，越來越多的個人信息♦☜☞☝✍☚☛☟✌✽✾✿❁❃，數據都會存儲在校外的服務個人電腦以及服務上⒥⒦⒧⒨⒩⒪⒫⒬⒭⒮⒯⒰⒱⒲⒳⒴⒵❆❇❈❉❊†☨✞✝☥☦☓☩☯，因此法國教育部長 Jean Michel Blanquer 提出了應當建立合適的法規①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯，以便確保在線教育機構能夠遵守這些規則⒜⒝⒞⒟⒠⒡⒢⒣⒤，以保證對收集✵✶✷✸✹✺✻✼❄❅、管理ⓊⓋⓌⓍⓎⓏⓐⓑⓒⓓⓔⓕⓖⓗⓘⓙ、使用這些數據以及個人信息（尤其是兒童和青少年信息）安全方式ⒺⒻⒼⒽⒾⒿⓀⓁⓂⓃⓄⓅⓆⓇⓈⓉ。
9. 獲取回饋 Capturing feedback
Ready or not at the time, as a response to COVID lockdowns, remote learning was deployed around the world in an unprecedented scale with very little lead time. Now that COVID is morphing from being a pandemic to an endemic, the education industry needs to take a step back and examine what aspects of remote learning worked and what needed improvement, in order to better prepare in the event of a future pandemic and to optimize a blended learning environment in ordinary times. A key UNICEF recommendation is to conduct further applied education research for learning and sharing what works during the pandemic, and for developing practical ways to improve teacher training, content production, parental engagement, and to leverage the use of technologies at scale.
不論是否已經準備就緒☈⊙☉℃℉❅，作為對新冠疫情的響應ⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ，在線教育已經成為了大勢所趨ⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ。盡管現在病毒還在各種變異❻❼❽❾❿⓫⓬⓭⓮⓯⓰，但是教育產業需要緊隨步伐㈧㈨㈩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂，找到更合適的♀☿☼☀☁☂☄、更有效的方式☧☬☸✡♁✙♆。，、＇：∶；，優化和提升在線學習的用戶體驗⓱⓲⓳⓴⓵⓶⓷⓸⓹⓺⓻⓼⓽⓾。
聯合國教科文組織強調㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦，要加強對教育方式的研究⒃⒄⒅⒆⒇⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓，對疫情期間的學習和分享方式㊀㊁㊂㊃㊄㊅㊆㊇㊈㊉，爭取開發出更多有效的方式⒔⒕⒖⒗⒘⒙⒚⒛ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫⅰⅱ，去提升老師培訓❋❀⚘☑✓✔√☐☒✗✘ㄨ✕✖✖⋆✢✣、內容輸出☾☽❄☃、父母參與㈧㈨㈩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂、技術應用等領域☈⊙☉℃℉❅。
更多教育類相關的CMS解決方案☾☽❄☃，請參考之前的文章⒔⒕⒖⒗⒘⒙⒚⒛ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫⅰⅱ，
2. 在線視頻教育學習平臺介紹
